The Asia Pacific region is home to more than half the world population-
3.6 billion out of 6 billion. Almost 40 % of the population now lives in
cities. By 2025 urban areas will be home to more than half the region’s
population. The region has the fastest growing economies and a burgeoning
middle class. The middle to high-income earners in Asia out-number those
in America and Europe combined.
A priority for the emerging middle class is the purchase of a house.
Globally, around 40 % of raw materials and energy and 16 % of the annually
available fresh water, is consumed by the construction sector. The sector
is a major contributor to Climate Change, accounting for around 35 % of
global CO2 emissions. CO2 emission of an average home has been estimated
to be equivalent to that from two cars.
Economic growth, urbanization and the changing consumption patterns is
straining the urban infrastructure and the environment. Pollution, waste
generation and resource depletion is a major issue in the urban areas
of the region.
An estimated 70 % of the global poor are in Asia. Economic deprivation
increases the magnitude of pollution-related morbidity and mortality,
as the poor do not have the resources or capacity to adapt. It results
in further exclusion and marginalization of the poor. Pressures on urban
services such as piped water, sanitation, drainage, transport, health
care and education, affect the poor disproportionately. In addition, global
and local concerns like Climate Change, pollution, waste generation and
resource depletion, takes a greater toll of the poor and marginalized.
Many architectural traditions are also getting extinct due to over-emphasis
of techno-commercial aspects.
ECO-HOUSING
Eco-housing is an evolving concept that applies sustainability principles
into the entire lifecycle of a housing project: from design, through construction
and maintenance to the “end of life” activities. Humans have used many
of its concepts for centuries to ensure comfortable conditions in their
dwellings. However, traditional architectural knowledge is becoming extinct
due to over-emphasis of techno-commercial aspects on current housinga
and building design. There is a resurgence in the use of tradition knowledge
and “green” design principles that will minimize environmental impacts.
This concept applies environmentally friendly and sustainable approaches
to the design, site assessment, material selection, energy management,
water management and waste management to the household and community level.
NEED
The Asia Pacific region is home to more than half of the world’s
population- 3.6 billion out of 6 billion. Almost 40% of this population
now lives in cities. By 2025 urban areas will be home to more than half
the region’s population. Therefore significant demand for more housing
can be expected, and should be planned for. In addition, the region’s
fast growing economies and burgeoning middle class could mean that there
may be increasing trends of home-ownership. Already, middle to high-income
earners in Asia out-number those in America and Europe combined. However,
modern construction practices have long-lasting and severe ecological
and social impacts on a community. For example, the construction sector
consumes around 40% of raw materials and energy, and 16% of available
fresh water annually. The sector is a major contributor to Climate Change,
accounting for around 35 % of global CO2 emissions. The CO2 emissions
of an average home are estimated to be equivalent to emissions from two
vehicles.
The political leadership in Asia is aware of the alarming growth trends
in their countries and realizes that alternatives to current practices
should be explored. Some of them have already embraced the concept of
eco-housing. However, demonstration of the viability of eco-housing through
pilot projects is essential to encourage large-scale adoption into town
and city planning.
It is also important to remember that global and local issues, such as
those related to the consequences of climate change, pollution, waste
generation, and resource depletion, takes a greater toll on the poor,
the marginalized, and vulnerable groups (women and children). An estimated
70% of the global poor are in Asia. Pressures on urban services such as
piped water, waste collection, sanitation, drainage, transportation, health
care, and education, also affect the poor disproportionately. Eco-housing
concepts can help make poor communities more self-sufficient by encouraging
composting, alternative energy sources, and creating their own water supply
networks.
UNEP’s INITIATIVE IN THE REGION
UNEP and UN-HABITAT initiated the Eco-housing project in 2004 to build
capacity and spread awareness on this issue. A Regional Expert Group on
Eco-housing was established to provide technical input and train national
architects on this concept. In addition to UNEP and UN-HABITAT, the expert
group consists of representatives from:
- Australia: University of New South Wales
- China: Tongji University
- India: School of Planning and Architecture; The Energy and Resources
Institute
- Indonesia: The Ministry of Environment
- Sri Lanka: Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement
- Thailand: Asian Institute of Technology; Chulalongkorn University;
and the Ministry of Environment
The project will be developed through Networking, Demonstration Projects,
Knowledge Building, Educational initiatives, and Policy Guidance.